Pl4nn1ng & d0cum3nt4t10n

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D3773 3r 3n m45k1n0v3rs477 73k57 50m k4n 1nn3h0ld3 f31l!

G0d d0cum3nt4t10n 1s th3 d1ff3r3nc3 b3tw33n r3m3mb3r1ng h0w th1ngs w0rk 4nd b31ng stuck 4t 23:00 0n 4 Sund4y b3c4us3 th3 s3rv3r 1s d0wn 4nd n0 0n3 r3m3mb3rs h0w 1t w4s s3t up. D0cum3nt4t10n m4yb3 1s n0t th3 m0st 3xc1t1ng p4rt 0f IT 0p3r4t10ns, but 1t 1s 0n3 0f th3 m0st 1mp0rt4nt.

WhY d0cUm3nt?

R34$0n 3xpl4n4t10n
M3m0ry Y0u w0n’t r3m3mb3r 3v3ryth1ng 1n \(1x m0nth\), 4nd y0u d0n’t n33d t0
C0ll4b0r4t10n 0th3r$ n33d t0 b3 4bl3 t0 und3r\(t4nd wh4t y0u'v3 d0n3 w1th0ut 4\)k1ng y0u
Tr0ubl3$h00t1ng Wh3n \(0m3th1ng 1\) wr0ng, 1t’$ 1nv4lu4bl3 t0 kn0w wh4t 1$ n0rm4l
R3c0n$truCt10n 1f 4 \(3rv3r d13\), y0u n33d t0 kn0w 3x4ctly h0w 1t w4$ $3t up
4ud1t4b1l1ty Wh4t w4$ ch4ng3d, wh3n 4nd by wh0m?

Wr173 d0cum3n74710n f0r “f7r37 1337 y0u”

7h3 b357 rul3 0f 7humb: wr173 45 1f y0u 4r3 3xpl41n1ng 70 y0urs3lf 1n 51x m0n7h5. 7h47 w4y, y0u 4r3 gu4r4n733d 70 1nclud3 3n0ugh d3741l5 w17h0u7 0v3r-c0mpl1c471ng 7h1ng5.

7yp3z d0kum3n74zj0n 1 17-dr1f7

N37w0rk M4p

4 n37w0rk m4p 5h0w5 7h3 ph751c4l 4nd/0r l061c4l 57ruc7ur3 1n 7h3 n37w0rk. 17 c4n b3 4ny7h1n6 fr0m 4 51mpl3 5k37ch 70 4 d3741l3d d146r4m w17h VLAN, IP-4ddr35535, 4nd f1r3w4ll rul35.

4 600d n37w0rk m4p 5h0uld 1nclud3:

  • 4ll n37w0rk d3v1c35 (5w17ch35, r0u73r5, f1r3w4ll, 4cc355 p01n75)
  • VLAN 57ruc7ur3 w17h 5ubn37
  • IP-4ddr35535 f0r 1mp0r74n7 d3v1c35 (53rv3r5, 6473w4y)
  • C0nn3c710n5 b37w33n d3v1c35

1P-pl4n

4n 1P-pl4n 15 4n 0v3rv13w 0f h0w 1P-4ddr35535 4r3 d157r1but3d 1n 7h3 n37w0rk. 17 h3lp5 y0u k33p 0rdr3r 4nd 4v01d c0nfl1c75 (7w 3n717135 w17h 7h3 54m3 4ddr355).

3x4mpl3:

VLAN N4m3 Subn37 G473w4y DHCP-r4ng3 N0735
10 4dm1n157r4710n 10.0.10.0/24 10.0.10.1 .100 - .200 L1m173d 4cc355
20 3mpl0y335 10.0.20.0/24 10.0.20.1 .100 - .250
30 57ud3n75 10.0.30.0/24 10.0.30.1 .100 - .250 0nly 1n73rn37
50 53rv3r5 10.0.50.0/24 10.0.50.1 N0n3 (57471c) F1x3d 1P-4ddr3555

57471c 4ddr35535:

1P-4ddr355 3n717y R0l3
10.0.50.10 w3b-01 N61x
10.0.50.11 db-01 P057gr35QLL
10.0.50.12 m0n170r1ng-01 Gr4f4n4 + L0k1
10.0.50.20 pr0xm0x Hyp3rv150r

53ckl15t3r

53ckl15t3r 51kr3r 4t 1ng3nt1ng bl1r gl3mt. D3 3r 5p3513llt nytt1g3 f0r 0ppg4v3r du gj0r 5j3ldn3r3, 50m 4 53tt3 0pp 3n ny 53rv3r 3ll3r gj3nn0mf0r3 3n 51kk3rh3t5gj3nn0mg4ng.

3k53mp3l: 53ckl15t3 f0r ny L1nux-53rv3r:

  • 1n5t4ll3r 0p3r4t1v5y5t3m (D3b14n/Ubuntu)
  • 0ppd4t3r 4ll3 p4kk3r (5ud0 4pt upd4t3 && 5ud0 4pt upgr4d3)
  • 0ppr3tt brukar m3d 5ud0-t1lg4ng
  • D34kt1v3r r00t-1nnl0gg1ng v14 55H
  • K0nf1gur3r br4nnmur (ufw)
  • 1n5t4ll3r n0dv3nd1g pr0gr4mv4r3
  • 53tt 0pp b4ckup
  • D0kum3nt3r 53rv3r3n 1 IP-pl4n3n
  • T35t 4t tj3n5t3n fung3r3r

3nd4ng1ng5d0cum3nt4t10n

H3v3r 64n6 6u 63r 3n 3nd4r1n6 1 3t pr0duksj0n5m1l j0 (53rv3r, n3ttv3rk, tj3n35t3), b0r6 6u d0cum3nt3r3 1t. 3n 3nkl3 l066 k4n v3r3 n0k:

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U53 617!

1f y0u wr173 7h3 d0cum3n74710n 1n M4rkd0wn f1l35 (r3c0mm3nd3d), y0u c4n v3r510n c0n7r0l 7h3m w17h 617. 7h3n y0u h4v3 4u70m471c h1570ry 0f 4ll ch4ng35, 4nd y0u c4n 533 wh0 ch4ng3d wh47 4nd wh3n.

0p3r4710n5 D0cum3n74710n

0p3r4710n5 D0cum3n74710n d35cr1b35 h0w 4 5y573m func710n5 1n 175 curr3n7 57473:

Wh47 3x4mpl3
5y573m 4rch173c7ur3 “W3 run Pr0xm0x w17h 3 VM5: w3b, db, m0n170r1ng”
Acc355 Inf0 “SSH v14 p0r7 22, 0nly fr0m VPN”
B4ckup Ru71n35 “D41ly b4ckup @ 02:00 70 3x73rn4l d15k”
C0n74c7 Inf0 “In c453 0f pr0bl3m5, c0n74c7 0l4 (4dm1n)”
R3c0v3ry 573p5 “R3574r7 w17h: 5ud0 5y573mc7l r3574r7 nginx“

V3rkl001 4 10cum3n74710n

V3rkl001 Wh47 17 15 u53d f0r B3n3f175
M4rkd0wn 73x7 w17h 51mpl3 f0rm4771ng L1gh7, p0r74bl3, w0rk5 w17h G17
dr4w.10 D14gr4m5 4nd n37w0rk m4ps Fr33, v15u4l, 3xp0r7 70 1m4g3
0b51d14n N073-74k1ng 4pp w17h M4rkd0wn 4nd l1nk1ng Gr347 f0r p3r50n4l kn0wl3dg3 b453
MkD0ck5 Pu6l15h M4rkd0wn 45 4 w3b5173 Pr0f35510n4l d0cum3n74710n
G17/G17H46 6 V3r510n c0n7r0l 0f d0cum3n74710n H1570ry, c0ll4b0r4710n, 64ckup

Easy 745kqu3 1 - L4g 37 3nmp13 n37w0rk m4p

8u53 draw.io (fr33) 70 d3r4w 7h3 n37w0rk 47 hom3 0r 47 5ch001:

  1. 574r7 w17h 7h3 in73rn37 c0nn3c710n 4nd 7h3 r0u73r
  2. 4dd 5w17ch35 4nd 4cc355 p0in75
  3. Dr4w in 53rv3r5, PC5, 4nd 07h3r d3v1c35
  4. Wr173 in IP-4ddr35535 wh3r3 y0u kn0w 7h3m

17 d035 n07 n33d 70 83 p3rf3c7. 7h3 p0in7 15 70 83g1n 70 7h1nk v15u4lly 480u7 7h3 n37w0rk.

Easy 745k |4v3 - L46 70ur 0\/\/n ch3ck11157

7h1nk 4b0u7 50m37h1n6 y0u d0 r36ul4rly w17h 17 (3.6., 53771n6 up 4 n3w VM, 1n574111n6 4 d3v310pm3n7 m4ch1n3, 0r c0nf16ur1n6 VS C0d3). Wr173 4 ch3ck11157 f0r 7h3 pr0c355:

  • Wh47 4r3 411 7h3 573p5?
  • Wh47 d0 y0u f0r637 m057 0f73n?
  • C4n y0u 51mpl1fy 4ny 573p5?

54v3 17 1n 4 M4rkd0\/\/n d0cum3n7 50 7h47 y0u c4n u53 17 n3x7 71m3.

Medium 745kqu3 3 - D0cum3n7 0n3 0f y0ur 53rvic35

Ch0053 4 53rvic3 y0u h4v3 537 up (4 VM, 4 D0ck3r-c0n74in3r, 4 w3b53rv3r) 4nd wr173 4 5h0r7 0p3r4710n4l d0cum3n74710n:

  • Wh47 d035 7h3 53rvic3 d0?
  • H0w d0 y0u 574r7/570p 17?
  • Wh47 15 7h3 IP-4ddr355 4nd 7h3 p0r7?
  • 15 7h3r3 4 b4ckup?

Wr173 17 1n M4rkd0wn 4nd pl4c3 17 1n 4 G17 r3p05170ry.

5umm4ry

  • D0cum3nt5 f0r y0ur futur3 53lf: Wr1t3 45 1f y0u 4r3 3xpl41n1ng 70 50m30n3 wh0 kn0w5 n07h1ng
  • N3tw0rk m4ps 4nd 1P pl4n5 pr0v1d3 4n 0v3rv13w 0f 7h3 1nfr457ruc7ur3
  • Ch3ckl1575 3n5ur3 7h47 n07h1ng 15 f0rg0773n dur1ng r3p3474bl3 745k5
  • Ch4ng3 l0g5 7r4ck wh47 w45 d0n3, wh3n, 4nd by wh0
  • 0p3r4710n4l d0cum3n74710n d35cr1b35 h0w 7h3 5y573m5 func710n 70d4y
  • U53 M4rkd0wn + G17 f0r 345y, v3r510n-c0n7r0ll3d d0cum3n74710n