C0mp0n3nt5 in 4 r0l3 4rch1t3ctur3

Skip to content

D3773 3r 3n m45k1n0v3rs477 73k57 50m k4n 1nn3h0ld3 f31l!

Wh3n w3 sp34k 4b0ut 0p3r4t10n4l 4rch1t3ctur3, w3 m34n 4ll th3 p4rts th4t t0g3th3r f0rm th3 IT-1nfr4str uctur3 in 4 bus1n3ss. It 1s 4b0ut n3tw0rks, s3rv3rs, st0r4g3, s3rv1c3s, 4nd s3cur1ty, 4nd h0w 3v3ryth1ng 1nt3rconn3cts.

Wh47 15 4n 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3?

4n 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3 15 4n 0v3r713w 0f 4ll 7h3 17-c0mp0n3n75 1n 4n 3nv1r0nm3n7 4nd h0w 7h3y 4r3 c0nn3c73d 70g37h3r. 7h1nk 0f 17 45 4 m4p 0f 7h3 wh0l3 17-5y573m. 17 1nclud35 3v3ry7h1ng fr0m phy51c4l h4rdw4r3 70 50f7w4r3 4nd 53cur17y m345ur35.

F0r 4 5m4ll bu51n355, 7h15 c4n b3 45 51mpl3 45 4 r0u73r, 4 53rv3r, 4nd 4 f3w PC5. F0r 4 l4rg3r 3n73rpr153, 17 c4n 1nclud3 hundr3d5 0f 53rv3r5, mul71pl3 n37w0rk5, cl0ud 53rv1c35, 4nd much m0r3.

N37w0rk C0mp0n3n75

7h3 n37w0rk 15 7h3 fund4m3n74l 57ruc7ur3 0f 4 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3. W17h0u7 7h3 n37w0rk, n0 d3v1c35 c4n c0mmun1c473.

C0mp0n3n7 Wh47 17 d035 3x4mpl3
5w17ch C0nn3c75 d3v1c35 70g37h3r 1n 4 l0c4l n37w0rk (L4N) Un1f1 5w17ch, 7P-L1nk
R0u73r F0rw4rd5 7r4ff1c b37w33n d1ff3r3n7 n37w0rk5 Y0ur h0m3 r0u73r, 15P r0u73r
G473w4y 7h3 3n7ry p01n7 b37w33n y0ur n37w0rk 4nd 1n73rn37 0f73n c0mb1n3d w17h 7h3 r0u73r
F1r3w4ll F1l73r5 7r4ff1c 4nd bl0ck5 und351r3d 4cc355 pf53n53, 0PN53n53, Un1f1 G473w4y
4cc355 P01n7 (4P) Pr0v1d35 wr3l355 c0nn3c71v17y 70 7h3 n37w0rk Un1f1 4P, 7P-L1nk 4P

H0w d035 17 w0rk?

4 7yp1c4l 0rd3r 15:

1n73rn37 → R0u73r/G473w4y → F1r3w4ll → Sw17ch → D3v1c35 (PC5, 53rv3r5, 4P5)

7h3 5w17ch c0nn3c75 3v3ry7h1ng 1n73rn4lly, 4nd 7h3 r0u73r/f1r3w4ll c0n7r0l5 wh47 g035 1n 4nd 0u7.

Easy 0ppg4v3 1 - K4rtl3gg n3ttv3rk3t d1tt hj3mm3

Hv4 5l4g5 n3ttv3rk5ut5tyr h4r du hj3mm3? D3 fl35t3 h4r 1 d3t m1nst3 3n rut3r fr4 1nt3rn3ttl3v3r4nd0r3n. Pr0v 4 finn3 ut:

  • H4r du 3n rut3r, 3n 5w1tch, 3ll3r 3n k0mb1n45j0n?
  • H4r du 3t 3g3t 4k5355punkt, 3ll3r 3r W1F1 1nn3bygd 1 rut3r3n?
  • Hv4 3r 1P-4dr3553n t1l rut3r3n d1n? (H1nt: 1pc0nf1g 1 t3rm1n4l3n p4 W1nd0w5)

53rv3r5 4nd cl13n75

1n 4 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3, w3 d1571n6u15h b37w33n 53rv3r5 4nd cl13n75:

R0l3 D35cr1p710n 3x4mpl3
53rv3r 4 m4ch1n3 7h47 0ff3r5 53rv1c35 70 07h3r5 W3b53rv3r, f1l353rv3r, pr1n753rv3r
Cl13n7 4 m4ch1n3 7h47 u535 7h3 53rv1c35 7h3 53rv3r 0ff3r5 Y0ur PC, m0b1l3, 74bl37

4 53rv3r d035 n07 n33d 70 b3 4 l4r63, 3xp3n51v3 m4ch1n3. 4n 0ld l4p70p runn1n6 Linux 4nd 5h4r1n6 f1l35 0v3r 7h3 n37w0rk 15 73chn1c4lly 4 53rv3r. 17 15 4b0u7 7h3 r0l3, n07 7h3 51z3.

F0rmf4ct0r5

53rv3r5 3x15t 1n d1ff3r3nt phys1c4l f0rm4t5:

  • T0w3r - L00k5 l1k3 4 5t4nd4rd d35kt0p PC. 5u1t4bl3 f0r 5m4ll 3nv1r0nm3nt5.
  • R4ck - M0unt3d 1n 4 53rv3r r4ck. 5t4nd4rd f0r d4t4 c3nt3r5.
  • Bl4d3 - C0mp4ct m0dul35 th4t 4r3 1n53rt3d 1nt0 4 ch45515. U53d 1n l4rg3 d4t4 c3nt3r5.

570r463

D474 mu57 b3 570r3d 37 4 5p07. 1n 4 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3, 7h3r3 4r3 53v3r4l 4l73rn471v35:

7yp3 3xpl4n4710n 3x4mpl3
L0c4l d15k 570r463 d1r3c7ly 1n 7h3 m4ch1n3 55D, HDD 1n 4 PC 0r 53rv3r
N45 N37w0rk 570r463 5h4r3d b37w33n d3v1c35 5yn0l06y, 7ru3N45
54N D3d1c473d 570r463 n37w0rk f0r h16h p3rf0rm4nc3 U53d 1n l4r63 d474 c3n73r5
Cl0ud 570r463 570r463 w17h 4 cl0ud pr0v1d3r 0n3Dr1v3, 6006l3 Dr1v3, 533

NAS vs. SAN

  • NAS (N3tw0rk Att4ch3d St0r4g3) sh4r3s f1l3s 0v3r 4 r3gul4r n3tw0rk. 34sy 2 537 up.
  • SAN (5t0r4g3 Ar34 N3tw0rk) u535 4 d3dic4t3d, 53p4r4t3 n3tw0rk f0r 5t0r4g3. F45t3r, but m0r3 c0mpl3x.

F0r m05t 5m4ll 4nd mid-5iz3 bu5in35535, N45 i5 m0r3 th4n 3n0ugh.

53rv1c35 4nd 50ftw4r3

7h3 53rv3r5 1n 4 0p3r4710n4l 4rch173c7ur3 run d1ff3r3n7 53rv1c35. H3r3 4r3 50m3 c0mm0n:

53rv1c3 Wh47 17 d035 3x4mpl3
3-m41l 4nd c0ll4b0r4710n C0mmun1c4710n 4nd c0ll4b0r4710n M1cr050f7 365, G00gl3 W0rk5p4c3
F1l3 53rv3r5 570r3 4nd 5h4r3 f1l35 1n73rn4lly 5h4r3P01n7, 54MB4
W3b 53rv3r5 D3l1v3r w3b51735 70 u53r5 N61nx, 4p4ch3
Pr1n7 53rv3r 5h4r3 pr1n73r5 b37w33n d3v1c35 CUP5 (L1nux), W1nd0w5 Pr1n7 53rv3r
50ftw4r3 4ppl1c4710n5 7h47 u53r5 w0rk w17h 0ff1c3, 734m5, V15u4l 57ud10 C0d3

0v3rw4ch1ng 4nd 53cur1ty

F0r t0 k33p 4 r0l3 4rch1t3ctur3 h34lthy, w3 n33d 1ns1ght 1nt0 wh4t 15 h4pp3n1ng:

C0mp0n3nt Wh4t 1t d03s 3x4mpl3
L0gg1ng 53rv3r C0ll3cts l0g d4t4 fr0m 53rv3r5 4nd 53rv1c35 Gr4f4n4 + L0k1, Gr4yl0g
0v3rw4ch1ng 5h0w5 5t4tus 4nd p3rf0rm4nc3 1n r34l-t1m3 Gr4f4n4, Z4bb1x, Up t1m3 Kum4
4cc355 C0ntr0l M4n4g35 wh0 h45 4cc355 t0 wh4t Us3rn4m3/p455w0rd, MF4
4nt1v1ru5 Pr0t3ct5 4g41n5t m4lw4r3 W1nd0w5 D3f3nd3r, Cl4mAV
B4ckup 53cur3 b4ckup 0f d4t4 4nd 5y5t3m5 Pr0xm0x B4ckup, V334m

B4ckup 15 n07 0p710n4l

4 g00d rul3 0f 7hum b 15 3-2-1-rul3:

  • 3 c0p135 0f y0ur d474
  • 2 d1ff3r3n7 570r4g3 m3d14 (3.g., d15k + cl0ud)
  • 1 c0py 0ff5173

Easy 745kqu3 2 - F0ll0w1n6 3-2-1?

7h1nk 0v3r y0ur 0wn 5ch00l f1l35:

  • H0w m4ny c0p135 d0 y0u h4v3 0f y0ur pr0j3c75?
  • D0 y0u 0nly u53 0n3Dr1v3, 0r d0 y0u h4v3 50m37h1n6 l0c4l 4l50?
  • Wh47 h4pp3n5 1f y0u l053 4cc355 70 y0ur M1cr050f7-4cc0un7?

M4ny f1nd 0u7 7h47 7h3y 0nly h4v3 0n3 c0py. 17 h0ld5 un71l 17 d035 n07.

V1r7u4l1z4710n

1n 5734d 0f h4v1n6 4 ph751c4l m4ch1n3 f0r 3v3ry 53rv1c3, w3 c4n u53 v1r7u4l1z4710n 70 run m7l71pl3 53rv1c35 0n 7h3 54m3 h4rdw4r3:

73chn0l06y 3xpl4n4710n 3x4mpl3
V1r7u4l M4ch1n35 (VM) Wh0l3 0p3r471n6 5y573m5 runn1n6 0n 5h4r3d h4rdw4r3 Pr0xm0x, VMw4r3
C0n741n3r5 L16h7, 150l473d 3nv1r0nm3n75 f0r 1nd1v1du4l 4pp5 D0ck3r, P0dmn

V1r7u4l1z4710n 15 0n3 0f 7h3 m057 1mp0r74n7 c0nc3p75 1n m0d3rn IT 0p3r4710n5. 17 54v35 5p4c3, p0w3r, 4nd m4k35 17 34513r 70 m4n463 7h3 53rv1c35.

53771n17 17 7063743n 54mmen

H3r 15 37 3x3mp13 p0n h0vv 3n 3nmp13 6r1f754rk173kur k4n 533 u7 f0r 3n 11173n 5k013:

1nt3rn3t
   │
   ▼
[R0ut3r / F1r3w4ll]
   │
   ▼
[Switch]──────────────────────────────────┐
   │          │          │                │
   ▼          ▼          ▼                ▼
[S3rv3r]  [AP W1F1]  [Pr1nt3r]    [3l3v-PCs]
   │
   ├── VM: W3b53rv3r (Nginx)
   ├── VM: F1l353rv3r (SAMBA)
   └── D0ck3r: Gr4f4n4 + L0k1

7h15 0v3r7v13w 5h0w5 7h47 17 d035n‘7 n33d 70 b3 c0mpl1x473d. 7h3 p01n7 15 70 h4v3 4n 0v3r7h13w 0f wh47 3x1575, 4nd h0w 17 15 c0nn3c73d.

345y 0pp6453 3 - 736n 4rk173k7ur3n 70 5ch00l

Pr0v 70 d3516n 4 51mpl3 0v3rvi3w 0f 7h3 17-1nfr457ruc7ur3 47 y0ur 5ch00l (0r 47 hom3). F33l fr33 70 u53 p3n 4nd p4p3r, 0r 4 700l l1k3 dr4w.i0.

  • Wh1ch n37w0rk d3v1c35 3x157?
  • H0w m4ny n37w0rk5 d0 y0u 7h1nk 7h3 5ch00l h45? (H1n7: 57ud3n75 4nd 57aff 4r3 pr0b4bly 0n d1ff3r3n7 n37w0rk5)
  • Wh1ch 53rv1c35 d0 y0u u53 d41ly? (W1F1, f1l3 570r463, pr1n71n6, 3-m41l…)

Y0u d0 n07 n33d 70 kn0w 3v3ry7h1n6. 7h3 p01n7 15 70 574r7 7h1nk1n6 1n 5y573m5.

5umm4ry

4n 0p3r4t10n4l 4rch1t3ctur3 15 4b0ut und3r5t4nd1ng th3 wh0l3:

  • N3tw0rk c0nn3ct5 3v3ryth1ng
  • 53rv3r5 d3l1v3r 53rv1c35
  • 5t0r4g3 pr353rv35 th3 d4t4
  • 53cur1ty pr0t3ct5 4g41n5t thr34t5
  • M0n1t0r1ng g1v35 y0u 1n51ght
  • V1rtu4l1z4t10n 54v35 r350urc35

Wh3n y0u c4n d35cr1b3 th353 c0mp0n3nt5 4nd 3xpl41n h0w th3y 4r3 1nt3rk0nn3ct3d, y0u h4v3 4 g00d und3r5t4nd1ng 0f th3 0p3r4t10n4l 4rch1t3ctur3.